MATLAB Code of Sickle Cell Detection using Image Processing

The cellular part of blood molecule contains several different cell types. One of the most important and the most numerous cell types are red blood cells. The other cell types are the white blood cells and platelets. Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. “Anemia”, the name is derivative from the ancient Greek word anaimia, which means “Lack of Blood”. It is possible because of reduction in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) or resulting in lesser than normal quantity of haemoglobin in the blood. However, it can also include decreased oxygenbinding ability of each haemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development. Anemia is actually a sign of a disease process rather than being a disease itself. It can be either classified as acute or chronic. In chronic anemia, symptoms typically begin slowly and progress gradually; whereas in acute anemia, symptoms can be abrupt and more distressing. Among many factors, both nutritional (like vitamins and mineral deficiencies) and nonnutritional (like infection and haemoglobinopathies), that contribute to the onset of anemia; Iron Insuffiency and malaria plays a significant role. For men, anemia is typically defined as hemoglobin level of less than 13.5 g/dl and in women as hemoglobin of less than 12.0 g/dl.

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Sickle-cell disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) or drepanocytosis, is an autosomal recessive heritable blood disorder with over dominance, categorized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, stiff, sickle shape. The sickling occurs because of a mutation in the - 15 - haemoglobin gene. It follows when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their RBCs to change shape, which is similar to a crescent moon as shown in figure,

Fig: Sickle Cell

Sickle-Cell Diagnosis:

A simple blood test, done at any time during a person's lifespan, can detect whether he or she has sickle hemoglobin. However, early diagnosis is very important. If the test shows some sickle hemoglobin, a second blood test is done to confirm the diagnosis. The second test should be done as soon as possible and within the first few months of life. Sickle cells can be seen on a blood smear examined under a microscope. Peripheral blood smear demonstrates moderate to severe degree of anisopoikilocytes. Number of sickle cells is variable. Thus, the simple blood test is a tiresome and erroneous work which should be replaced by an effective, advanced and accurate tool to successfully diagnose the sickle cell disease. One such tool can be prepared by using Image Processing Technique.

Fig: Procedure to Detect Sickle Cell

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